ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Contoh : 
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months

Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months


Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:

1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
 Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier


Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis 
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active    : He meets them everyday.
Passive  : They are met by him everyday.


b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
Active    : He met them yesterday
Passive  : They were met by him yesterday

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active    : He has met them
Passive  : They have been met by him

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active    : He had met them before I came.
Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active    : He would have met them.
Passive  : They would have been met by him.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He is meeting them now.
Passive  : They are being met by him now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He was meeting them.
Passive  : They were being met by him.

j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:

Active    : He has been meeting them.
Passive  : They have been being met by him.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He had been meeting them.
Passive  : They had been being met by him.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He will be meeting them.
Passive  : They will be being met by him.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He would be meeting them.
Passive  : They would be being met by him.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He will have been meeting them.
Passive  : They will have been being met by him.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
Active    : He would be meeting them.
Passive  : They would be being met by him.

CONTOH ARTIKEL :

FIFA rejects Indonesia’s
request for meeting

Soccer’s world governing body FIFA has turned down the Indonesian government’s request for a meeting over the looming threat of a national suspension.

In his letter to the Youth and Sports Ministry, dated May 22, FIFA secretary-general Jerome Valcke said that the requested meeting was not possible because it would clash with the build-up to the FIFA Congress scheduled for May 29 in Zurich.

“As an initial point, we regretfully inform you that it is not possible to meet your delegation at short notice given that your requested meeting dates coincide with the week of the 65th FIFA Congress,” Valcke said in the letter, a copy of which was available to The Jakarta Post.

The copy was emailed to the Post by the chairman of the Indonesian Soccer Association (PSSI), La Nyalla Mattalitti, who had appeared pessimistic about the ministry’s plan to meet FIFA officials.

La Nyalla is currently in Zurich to attend the congress. He said he also used the occasion to lobby FIFA officials against imposing sanctions on Indonesian soccer.

FIFA, in a previous letter sent to the PSSI, threatened a suspension if the row between the PSSI and the ministry caused by their differences over the eligibility of two clubs in the Indonesian Super League was not resolved by May 29.

In Friday’s letter FIFA reiterated its threat by urging the ministry to revoke its suspension of the PSSI.

“As the remaining content of your correspondence, we remind you of our correspondence dated 4 May 2015 informing PSSI that all actions taken by the ministry (or its agencies) placing PSSI in violation of art. 13 and 17 of the FIFA Statutes needed be withdrawn by 29 May 2015, failing which the matter would be referred to the appropriate FIFA body to consider an immediate suspension,” it said.

Meanwhile, the ministry’s assistant for development and partnerships, Gatot S. Dewa Broto, said he regretted FIFA’s refusal to meet the ministry’s representatives, saying that they should have been given the chance to defend the policy.

“We regret it. We would love to be given the chance to defend ourselves,” Gatot told the Post.

While facing the prospect of a FIFA suspension, Indonesia has been forced to play its World Cup and Asian Cup qualifier against Iraq in an empty stadium and its home tie against Thailand at a neutral venue, Reuters reported.

The decision was taken by the Asian Football Confederation after crowd trouble occurred during two under-23 matches in March against Timor Leste and South Korea in Jakarta.

Indonesia, which was also fined US$20,000 by the AFC and warned of heavier sanctions should such incidents recur, is scheduled to host Iraq on June 16 after they start their joint qualifying campaign in Taiwan on June 11.

The Indonesian team then travels to Hanoi to face Vietnam in September before an Oct. 8 clash at home against Southeast Asian champion Thailand.

But whether Indonesia will be allowed to compete in the 2018 World Cup and 2019 Asian Cup qualifiers still remains in doubt with the domestic game in lockdown after the season was cancelled because of the PSSI and ministry row.

The lack of talks between the two parties suggests a FIFA ban is most likely.

Indonesia technical director Peter Hoekstra said a suspension would be hugely damaging and added that the government row had already harmed his work.

“It would be very damaging,” the former Dutch and Ajax Amsterdam winger told BBC World Football, as reported by Reuters.

“Unfortunately for us, the ministry stepped in and it looks like they are killing off the initiatives we tried to bring in.

Kalimat Pasif dari artikel diatas

1.      The copy was emailed to the Post by the chairman of the Indonesian Soccer Association (PSSI)

2.      threatened a suspension if the row between the PSSI and the ministry caused by their differences over the eligibility of two clubs in the Indonesian Super League was not resolved by May 29.

3.      The decision was taken by the Asian Football Confederation

Kalimat Aktif dari artikel diatas

1.      FIFA has turned down the Indonesian government’s request

2.      In Friday’s letter, FIFA reiterated its threat

3.      we remind you, of our correspondence

refrensi :

www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/24/fifa-rejects-indonesia-s-request-meeting.html

http://gatotbukankaca.weebly.com/bahasa-inggris-2--d.html